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GMAT: How to Add Subtract And Multiply Polynomials
Multiplying Polynomials Examples Overview

In this lesson, we break down multiplying polynomials into two straightforward steps. Each of these steps is explained and together they are used to solve multiple examples.

Multiplying Polynomials Examples Overview

Multiplying Polynomials Two Basic Steps

Polynomials are just the sum or powers of x. These powers have to be positive or zero. A few examples are : x^2 + 3x - 7 or 5x^3 + 3x^2 - 12x + 1 or x + 5.

The 'poly' part of polynomial indicates that there are multiple terms in a polynomial. With this, multiplying polynomials breaks down into two parts:

  • Multiply each term of one polynomial by every term of the other.
  • Combine all of the like terms and write the final answer in standard form of descending powers.

Here is an example most are familiar with that involves multiplying linear factors.

Example 1: 'FOILing'

Consider the following problem.

Multiply the following:

(2x + 3)(x - 7)

The two polynomials in this case are 2x + 3 and x - 7. The terms of the first polynomial are 2x and 3. The terms of the second polynomial are x and -7.

Step 1

We multiply each term of the first by each term of the second:

kkkEx4
Like terms are shaded the same color

Step 2

We combine like terms through addition.

The terms here that are like terms are -14x and 3x. We add these two terms to get -11x. The other terms are left alone. We then write the final answer in standard form with the higher powers written first.

The final answer is:

2x^2 - 11x - 21

Example 2

Multiply (3x^2 - x + 10)(x + 2)

Step 1

Take each term of 3x^2 - x + 10 and multiply it by x and 2.

Ex6
Ex5
Like terms are shaded the same color

Note: There were three terms in the first polynomial and 2 terms in the second, for a total 6 (2×3) terms when we multiply before we combine like terms. This always happens and it is a good way to keep track of whether you are moving in the right direction for a problem. Step 2

Combine like terms.

3x^3 + ( 6x^2 - x^2 ) + (-2x+10x) + 20 = 3x^3 + 5x^2 + 8x + 20 Write the answer from highest to lowest power.

3x^3 + 5x^2 + 8x + 20

Example 3

Multiply (3x^2 + 2x - 7)(x^3 + 4x - 2)

Step 1

Multiply each combination of terms:

kkkEx6
Like terms are shaded the same color

Step 2

Combine like terms.

3x^5 + 2x^4 + (-7x^3 + 12x^3) + (8x^2 - 6x^2 ) + (-28x - 4x) +14= 3x^5 + 2x^4 + 5x^3 + 2x^2 - 32x + 14. This is the answer.

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